15 Unexpected Ecological Impacts of Tornadoes: The 10th One Will Surprise You!

3. Creation of Microhabitats: Homes for Specialized Species

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After a tornado, the scene is generally one of mixed and varied fallen trees, turned-about roots, and dispersed trash mounds. Although at first glance this seems chaotic and destructive, it really generates a range of specific microhabitats capable of supporting a great spectrum of specialized species. These recently developed structures offer several biological niches not found in the pre-tornado surroundings. For many different species, for instance, fallen logs become vital habitat. Many insects call them home; they offer food sources as well as cover. Important in decomposition and nutrient cycling, fungi find perfect circumstances for development on these fallen trees. Mice and voles, among small mammals, establish nests and hide from predators under the protective cover of dropped logs. Particularly those suited to colonize disturbed regions, the exposed soil from uprooted trees generates bare patches that offer perfect circumstances for some plant species to flourish. For the germination of seeds needing particular soil conditions, these regions of exposed mineral soil can be absolutely vital. New canopy holes also let more light pass through, which can help shade-intolerant plant species—that which couldn't survive under the old closed canopy—to flourish. The post-tornado landscape's growing structural complexity also offers birds fresh chances; some species gain from the more accessible nesting locations and foraging grounds. Often sustaining more variety of species than was present before the disturbance, these microhabitats greatly contribute to enhanced biodiversity and ecological complexity in the impacted areas.[3]